Chipsemantics
Designing for IEC 62368-1: What Changed from 60950 and 60065
IEC 62368-1 is the audio/video, information technology, and communication technology equipment safety standard that replaced both IEC 60950-1 and IEC 60065. Since the transition deadline passed, all new product submissions must comply with 62368-1. Understanding its hazard-based approach is essential for hardware teams. What Changed: Prescriptive vs. Hazard-Based IEC 60950-1 and 60065 were prescriptive standards…
Read MoreAI in Embedded Systems: How AI is Changing Hardware?
Machine learning is no longer confined to the cloud. Advances in model compression, quantisation, and dedicated neural processing hardware have made it practical to run inference on microcontrollers with 256KB of flash. This is reshaping what embedded systems can do — and how they are designed. From Cloud to Edge: The Shift in AI Architecture…
Read MoreDFM Best Practices for Electronics Startups
Design for Manufacturing (DFM) is the discipline of designing products so they can be produced efficiently, reliably, and at low cost. For electronics startups, it is the single most impactful practice for surviving the transition from prototype to production. Why DFM is Non-Negotiable at Prototype Stage The cost to fix a design defect grows exponentially…
Read MoreHow to Reduce PCB Iterations in Complex Designs
Introduction PCB re-spins are expensive — not only in fabrication cost, but in lost engineering hours, delayed certification, and postponed product launches. In complex designs involving high-speed interfaces, mixed-signal routing, RF sections, or dense BGAs, even a minor oversight can trigger multiple iterations. The objective is not merely to “avoid mistakes,” but to institutionalize design…
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